The issue of prostitution Essay Example for Free

The issue of prostitution Essay The issue of prostitution is usually treated and represented in two different ways – the adherents of traditional values unambiguously label this phenomenon as appalling vice that is in full discord with normal, let alone pious, life. They point out at the results the oldest profession produces on an individual who gives or gets that service, and on a society with all its moral principles, ethical standards, requirements and taboos. Sexually transmitted diseases, human trafficking, slavery, personal degradation and other by-products of prostitution are quite strong arguments for its prohibition or, at least, severe limitation. The second approach is liberal-like, it posits the legitimacy of prostitution appealing to the freedom of choice, pluralism, natural needs and even the inevitability of eradicating this kind of service. It is often said that women choose that occupation themselves, and men are not forced to visit them – everything is based on the free will of both parties, and the others, those who are not envolved in it, should not have any concerns for that. Nickie Roberts, for instance, writes that â€Å"it is implicit in the demand that the women have control over their own bodies that they also have their rights to sell their own sexual services, if they wish to† (qtd. in Jeffreys 129-130). Claiming to support freedom, such a position in fact justifies prostitution with the help of liberal, pluralistic rhetoric, and it does not seem to be sincere as it predominantly focuses on the apology of prostitution after general introductory declarations about freedom, choice etc. Thus, the prevailing argument in a pro-prostitution discourse is â€Å"choice†. Let us have a more careful look at the sphere of â€Å"sexual services† (ibid. ). Do all those women really appeared in that position completely voluntarily, or maybe they have been dreaming of that profession since their childhood and their dreams have successfully come true? I guess the 15-year-old girl from New York was not intending to be advertised on Craigslist for prostitution in Maryland, she was going to Montgomery County â€Å"for a modeling photo shoot† (Morse). There cannot be seen any free choice in Jasmine Caldwell’s returning to the street after escaping her pimp and being abused by a policemen as well (Kristof). And how many other adult and especially juvenile females are decoyed or forced into prostitution? They are not able to exercise their right to leave that sphere and lifestyle. These victims are the main imputation against justifying the sphere of sexual services. Some people regard any woman as a potential prostitute, e. g. in Schopenhauer’s Studies in Pessimism we may read – in the chapter â€Å"On women† – the statements like â€Å"it is also revolting that she [a woman] should spend her husband’s money with her paramours – the money for which he toiled his whole life long, in the consoling belief that he was providing for his children† and other ones emphasizing the base intentions and motives of the women (62-75). Although such statements are grounded on his experience, such generalizations are unfair, and they insult the dominant majority of women. The inevitability of prostitution, the fact that â€Å"street sweeps do not reduce prostitution† (Petrocelli), the legalization of brothels in Nevada (Powers) are not a reason to stop limiting and struggling with this detestable phenomenon of our life. It is far from being â€Å"victimless† (Goldman 92) and even those who are willingly engaged in such services do not feel safe as their basic rights are being constantly infringed (Slayton). Prostitution is a serious deviation from the natural demands and needs of women, it deprives them of matrimony, they do not experience the happiness of maternity, they are even bereft of a chance to be independent singles making real free choice at every moment of their life – what to do, where to go, when to have free time and the like. Beyond prostitution, a woman faces a prospect of multifarious lifestyles, manifold occupations and hobbies, various possibilities. Direct opposite is the life in the street – a dull, routine slavery that destroys both body and soul, and inflicts harm to the people around. Works Cited Goldman, Mimi. â€Å"Prostitution in America. † Crime and Social Justice 2 (1974): 90-93. Jeffreys, Sheila. The Idea of Prostitution. Melbourne: Spinifex, 2009. Kristof, Nicholas D. â€Å"Girls on our streets. † The New York Times. 6 May 2009. Web. 9 May 2010. http://www. nytimes. com/2009/05/07/opinion/07kristof. html? _r=1. Morse, Dan. â€Å"Montgomery police arrest three in human trafficking, prostitution cases. † The Washington Post. 2 March 2010. Web. 9 May 2010. http://voices. washingtonpost. com/crime-scene/montgomery/montgomery-police-three-human. html. Petrocelli, Joseph. â€Å"Street prostitution. † Police Magazine. 1 February 2009. Web. 9 May 2010. http://www. policemag. com/Channel/Patrol/Articles/2009/02/Street-Prostitution. aspx . Powers, Ashley. â€Å"Male prostitution is Nevada’s newest legal profession. † Los Angeles Times. 6 January 2010. Web. 9 May 2010. http://articles. latimes. com/2010/jan/06/nation/la-na-male-prostitutes6-2010jan06. Schopenhauer, Arthur. Studies in Pessimism. Trans. Bailey Saunders. New York: Cosimo, 2007. Slayton, Philip. â€Å"A trial in error? Why should a Toronto court decide Canada’s prostitution laws? † Macleans. 24 December 2009. Web. 9 May 2010. http://www2. macleans. ca/tag/prostitution-laws/ .

Causal Determinsim Essay -- Philosophy

Causal determinism is the concept that preceding causes give rise to everything which exists such that reality could be nothing but what it is. Science depends on this idea as it aims to find generalisations about the conjunction of certain causes and effects and thus hold some power of prediction about their future co-occurrence. However, in human interaction people assume each other to be responsible for their acts and not merely at the whim of causal laws. So the question which troubles philosophers is whether causation dictates entirely the course of human action or whether we as agents possess some free will. I will argue that free will is an inescapable illusion of the mind, something which never did nor ever could exist under causal determinism. Compatiblists propose that free will and determinism coexist while to incompatibilists that would be impossible. If we are to decide for ourselves then firstly we must establish the meanings of causal determinism and freedom of the will. Proponents of causal determinism contend that 1. Every event has a cause 2. Human actions constitute a sort of event 3. Thus every human action has a cause 4. Every action ever executed is nothing more than an inevitable consequence of the preceding conditions in the universe So if causal determinism is true humans lack any capacity to choose or to will as nothing could ever be other than it is. (McFee. 2000, p. 21) Free will is a far more elusive notion. However authors seem to agree on a few aspects of it. In his paper Has the Self â€Å"Free Will†? Campbell suggests that an effective free will is confined to the domain of moral decisions. He asserts that to exercise free will an agent must be sole author of an act, not simply yieldin... ...scapable illusion of the mind. Similarly to how Strawson argues the truth of determinism would not make agents any less morally accountable, I believe the falseness of free will does not detract from its usefulness in clarifying our mental narratives and explaining the origins of our actions. Works Cited Fischer, J.M. (Ed.). (2005). Free Will: Critical Concepts of Philosophy. Abingdon: Routledge. McFee, G. (2000). Free Will. Teddington: Acumen Publishing. Perry, J., Bratman, M. & Fischer, J.M. (2010). Introduction to Philosophy: Classical and Contemporary Readings. (5th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. Perry, J., Bratman, M. & Fischer, J.M. 1998). Introduction to Philosophy: Classical and Contemporary Readings. (3rd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. Campbell, C.A. (1957) On Selfhood and Godhood, London: George, Allen & Unwin.

Isolation in American Literature Essay

The individual and his role in society, based on American Literature, is portrayed through many different characters, all sharing the same feelings of isolation. The feeling of isolation, in reference to Huckleberry Finn , is a choice that Huck Finn brings on himself. Throughout rebellion towards his father, Huck tries to find his true self by isolating himself from societies views and beliefs. In the novel Great Gatsby , by F. Scoot Fitzgerald, Jay Gatsby was isolated from the outside world by society. Throughout many examples of American Literature we are aware that isolation was not a pleasurable state of freedom, but more like a state of imprisonment brought on by society. In Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men, Lenny was isolated by societies fear of difference. Society was prejudice against Lenny’s differences. This caused isolation in both societies standards and in Lenny’s mind. Throughout many images portrayed by American Literature, the recurring theme of isolation is a role that each character takes on based on societies beliefs, views, and prejudices. Isolation played a key role of the character development in Huckleberry Finn. Twain carefully selected ways to show isolation in Huck’s life based on societies views of his adventures, thoughts, and of his feelings toward slavery. Huck’s beliefs in issues that society condoned isolated him from the â€Å"normal† state of living that everyone else practiced. This same view that society cast upon Huck was also thrust upon Jay Gatsby in The Great Gatsby . Because of his wealth and his self-removal from gossip and other immoral issues, that society thrives on, Jay too, was isolated. Maybe this state of seclusion was brought on by society but Nick Carraway demonstrated that, â€Å"Once banishment is brought on by others, it is soon picked up within. † (Fitzgerald, Great; 86) Hester Prinne also demonstrates a state of solitariness, in The Scarlet Letter. After society condemns her actions she goes into seclusion and lives in her own state of peace. This is brought on by societies harsh judgments. This leads to total isolation of their views in Hester’s mind. She knows that there is a difference between her beliefs and societies views of morals. These beliefs, that she has come to accept, yet curse at the same time, cause her to continue to wear the Scarlet letter, but these beliefs also cause her to isolate herself so she is not outcast by society. Lenny Small, in Of Mice and Men , is outcast into a state of seclusion â€Å"all because of societies prejudices and views on living, thinking, and acting. † (Hart, Oxford; 73) Always having a special place for Lenny to run off to and hide when things got tough is another example of isolation. When society didn’t feel something was right with Lenny’s behavior he would go into seclusion and isolate himself from the world. The fact that Lenny Small was not aware of the way people outcast him exhibits another form of isolation. Lenny’s sequestration by society set the overall issue of isolation in Of Mice and Men. Huckleberry Finn isolated himself from society because he rebelled against their ignorant beliefs. Every time Huck changed identifies, he isolated himself even deeper. † The overall character change of Huck Finn demonstrates Twains own rebellion against societies views. † (Scott, Mark; 38) As Huck Finn comes across the different aspects, attitudes, and restrictions of society, he learns to prefer his own individual freedom over societies restrictions. Gatsby is secluded out of both, personal choice, and societies choice. Under his own personal choice of isolation Gatsby seems satisfied, but when the issue of society condemning him arose, the view of isolation seems less appealing. When seclusion by society is made into a recurring theme in Great Gatsby, Jay tries to change his social status and forgets about his moral responsibility. He becomes like all other characters in society that judge and gossip. This new outlook may pull him out of isolation, but in the end it also kills him. The need for social acceptance pulls the trigger that ends Jay Gatsby’s life. Throughout many examples of American Literature, it is apparent that society played a key role in character development. In numerous examples from American Literature we see that society isolated certain characters for being different than the socially accepted person. Authors, such as Mark Twain ( a. k. a. Sammual Clemmens), John Steinbeck, F. Scott Fitzgerald, and Nathanial Hawthorne, portray the best examples of isolation in their classic American literature novels. They show, throughout their novels, that the conflict between society and the individual is based on seclusion, condemnation, but most of all through isolation.

Linux MUOS Report Free Essay Example, 1250 words

Although commonly associated with multiprogramming, multiuser OS does not imply multitasking. A multiuser system usually breaks the disk space up into user directories, so that each user has his data files in a separate place (Baldwin 1986, p. 271). Background Processing In a multiuser operating system, two or more active processes are permits. During the execution of such processes, the OS protects the memory space reserved for one process from other processes. Out of multiple processes, most of these systems only process and recognize input from mouse, keyboard, or other input devices (Yadav 2010, p. 146). This process is known as the foreground processes. The rest of the processes are said to be background processes. Background processes cannot accept interactive participation from a user, but they can access information stored on a disk, ready to write it to the video display. In a large multiuser OS, the number may be hundreds of processes running, with each having several active services at once. In fact, even though no users use the system that is running, dozens of background processes, called daemons (Liu, Yue, & Guo 2011, p. We will write a custom essay sample on Linux MUOS Report or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now 82), are executing. Types of multi-user operating system Multi-processor There are many types of multiuser operating systems, which work in different ways, intended for completely different purposes. One of these is the multiprocessing system. This is one that executes many processes concurrently. In a unit-process system, when the lone system executes a wait operation, the processor would sit idle and waste time until the process comes out of the wait state. The objective of multiprocessing is to have a process running on the processor at all times (Haldar & Aravind 2010, p. 82). Multiprocessing can be done in two ways called asymmetric and symmetric multiprocessing. In asymmetric multiprocessing, different jobs may be allocated to different processors. The disadvantage of asymmetric multi-processing is that some processors may be overloaded while other processors remain idle (World 1990, p. 84). In symmetric multiprocessing, the same job may be executed simultaneously at different processors. Time-sliced In a time-sharing system, several users can share the computer resources concurrently. Given that each action and command in a time-shared system takes an extremely minute fraction of time, only a tiny CPU time is desired for each user. As the CPU toggles rapidly from one user to another, each gets the notion that he has his own computer, while in actuality it is one computer being shared among many users.